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Original Article
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Angiogenic cytokines: IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-α, sVCAM-1, and PDGF-AB in multiple myeloma patients depending on the stage of the disease | ||||||
Joanna Kamińska1, Olga M. Koper1, Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska2, Elżbieta Motybel3, Janusz Kłoczko4, Halina Kemona5 | ||||||
1PhD, Researcher, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
2Assistant Professor, Researcher, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. 3MS, Researcher, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. 4Head of the Department, Department of Hematology, Clinical Hospital of the Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. 5Head of the Department, Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland. | ||||||
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How to cite this article |
Kamińska J, Koper OM, Dymicka-Piekarska V, Motybel E, Kloczko J, Kemona H. Angiogenic cytokines: IL-6, sIL-6R, TNF-α, sVCAM-1, and PDGF-AB in multiple myeloma patients depending on the stage of the disease. Edorium J Tumor Bio 2015;2:11–19. |
Abstract
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Aims:
Angiogenesis plays an important role for growth, progression and metastasis of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, the aim of the study was the evaluation of concentrations of chosen angiogenic cytokines: interleukin 6 (IL-6), its soluble receptor (sIL-6R), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), and platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB) in patient with newly diagnosed MM depending on the stage of the disease and as compared to the control group.
Methods: The study group consisted of newly diagnosed MM patients prior to treatment and categorized depending on the Durie and Salmon staging system. The controls consisted of healthy subjects. Angiogenic cytokines were determined with the use of ELISA method. Results: Serum concentrations of all angiogenic cytokines analyzed were significantly higher in the whole study group as compared to the controls. Moreover, concentrations of all proteins tested significantly increasing with the stage of MM. Additionally, all cytokines tested positively correlated with the percentage of plasma cells in the bone marrow. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) for all cytokines analyzed were significantly higher than AUC=0.500. Conclusion: Concentrations of angiogenic cytokines analyzed were significantly higher in MM patients as compared to the healthy subjects. Additionally, the concentrations of proteins tested were significantly increasing with the stage of the disease. Since the progression of MM proceeds at the same time as angiogenesis it allowed us to hypothesize that cytokines analyzed take part in bone marrow neovascularization. The areas under ROC curves analysis may indicate that these cytokines have potential clinical significance in MM. | |
Keywords:
Angiogenic cytokines, Multiple myeloma, Platelet-derived growth factor-AB, Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1
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Author Contributions:
Joanna Kamińska – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Olga M. Koper – Substantial contributions to conception and design, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting the article, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Violetta Dymicka-Piekarska – Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Elżbieta Motybel – Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Janusz Kłoczko – Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published Halina Kemona – Analysis and interpretation of data, Revising it critically for important intellectual content, Final approval of the version to be published |
Guarantor of submission
The corresponding author is the guarantor of submission. |
Source of support
None |
Conflict of interest
Authors declare no conflict of interest. |
Copyright
© 2015 Joanna Kamińska et al. This article is distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original author(s) and original publisher are properly credited. Please see the copyright policy on the journal website for more information. |
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